Rudy
Rudy, www.EFLsuccess.com
Story: Rudy presents the story of the only football player at prestigious Notre Dame University ever carried off the field in celebration by his teammates. Rudy is small and lacks talent. Everyone laughs at his dream—except himself. Rudy makes up for his weaknesses with a determination to help every teammate perform at his best. What is keeping you from your dreams? Maybe this film will help you overcome it! Based on a true story. (1993; Tristar Pictures; starring Sean Aston; drama, college sports/life)
Setting: Mid 1970s, in the Midwest US. First we see Rudy’s childhood in an urban community (near Chicago, Illinois), then at high school, then a junior college, and finally at Notre Dame University (Indiana).
Note 1: You will hear two “college” songs during the movie. The first is the football “fight song” and the second is the “college theme song” or “alma mater.”
Note 2: Athletes and steel workers have a reputation for foul language, so you will hear it in this film (like most American films).
People and proper nouns:
- Reuttiger: this is really Rudy’s family name; Rudy is a nickname (short for Reuttiger)
- Pete: Rudy’s best friend at the steel mill
- Frank: Rudy’s older brother, who never believes in Rudy’s dream
- Father Cavanaugh: a priest at Notre Dame, who helps Rudy enter Holy Cross Junior College. (Father Cavanaugh was also a retired president of Notre Dame University!)
- D-Bob: a Teaching Assistant (TA) at Holy Cross Junior College, and an honor student at Notre Dame University. D-Bob becomes Rudy’s best friend.
- Fortune: a black man who is the head of the crew who take care of Notre Dame’s famous football stadium (he becomes Rudy’s boss and encourager)
- Catholic: (天主教) the largest branch of the Christian religion. The Catholic church is particularly popular in Ireland, Italy, the Philippines, and South America.
- “Father”: Out of respect, people do not call Catholic priests “Mr. Smith” but instead “Father Smith”
- Notre Dame University: a top American university, located in South Bend, Indiana (a few hours from Chicago). Like Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Oxford, Cambridge, and most other legendary universities, Notre Dame was started as a college to train Christian leaders. Although now you can study just about anything at Notre Dame (science, engineering, languages, the arts…), it is still run by the Catholic church, and thus many of the teachers and administrators are priests. The word “notre dame” is French, and means “our mother,” which is a reference to Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ.
- “The Fighting Irish”: every football team has a nickname (绰号;昵称). This is the nickname for Notre Dame’s football team. It reminds us that many American Catholics are the descendants of immigrants from Ireland—and the Irish people are known as good fighters!
Vocabulary:
Underlined words are vocabulary terms; *key terms.
- *candles: (蜡烛) in the movie (as in many Catholic churches), lighting candles symbolizes praying
- *descendants: (后代) you are a descendent of your parents, grandparents, great-grandparents, etc. Your children (and grandchildren, etc.) will be your descendants.
- *dyslexia: a learning disability, in which your brain sometimes sees letters and numbers in the wrong order. This obviously makes it hard to study! (This obviously mkase ti hrad ot sutdy!)
- to hamstring: to keep someone from being able to take the action they want or need to take, especially by restricting them (the idea refers to an old practice in war, when you take an enemy horse and cut the hamstring leg muscle; the horse could still plough or pull a cart, but couldn’t run as a war-horse)
- incontrovertible facts: things that are certain and undeniable (without any question or doubt)
- *junior college (or community college): an institution offering adult education courses on various subjects, including basic academic classes (similar to first-year university courses), vocational training (nursing, computer tech, engine repair), and hobby-related courses (photography, gardening). Although there are differences, a community college or technical/vocational school is similar to a junior college. These colleges can offer an Associate’s Degree, normally after two years of prescribed study. In 2008, undergraduate tuition at Notre Dame University was over $36,000US per year, while tuition at a junior college would be about $5000. I think that in 1975, ND would have been about $1000, while Holy Cross Junior College would have been around $400 (I don’t know the true numbers, but you can see what I paid for college in 1982). (By the way, in 2005, Notre Dame admitted only 34 of the 85 students from Holy Cross who applied to transfer.)
- *priest: (牧师) a man with extensive Catholic religious training and an advanced education; priests serve as the leaders of Catholic churches, teachers/administrators in Catholic schools and universities, and as people who work for various charities to help the poor or others with social problems. The uniform of a priest is a black garment with a small white collar instead of a tie. Christian leaders are also sometimes called “Men of the Cloth.”
- *scholarship: (奖学金) when someone pays some of the college expenses for gifted students or athletes (a “full ride” or “full scholarship” means that someone pays ALL of your expenses, including tuition, housing, transportation and food)
- scout team: football players who come to practice, but who never compete in a real game (they pretend to be the opposing side during practice, and thus get “beat up” a lot!)
- *uniform: a standardized set of clothes for fellow students, athletes, police officers, soldiers, etc.
Phrases/sayings:
- “dressed out” (or “dressed”): allowed to wear a football uniform during a game. (Only “dressed” players can compete, though many only “ride the bench.”)
- “ride the bench”: to sit on the bench (i.e., sidelines of the field), wearing a football uniform, hoping that the coach allows you to play during the game
- * “You’re about 90 short!”: someone gave this answer when Rudy tried to buy a football ticket for $10 (also called “ten bucks”); it means that the ticket costs $100 (Rudy’s $10 plus $90 more)
- * “Here’s the deal”: it means: “These are the terms of our agreement” or “if you will do something, then I will do this…”
- “nothing,” as when Fortune says “You’re 5 foot nothin’, 100 and nothin’.” This means “you are barely over 5 feet tall and barely weigh more than 100 pounds.” Fortune is Rudy’s employer and friend, and he uses “nothing” to exaggerate about Rudy’s small size, and to criticize his attitude.
More information:
(to help you understand what you will see)
Rudy was one of many children in a large Catholic family. His father worked in a steel mill, and loved to watch Notre Dame University football games on TV.
Rudy attended a Catholic high school, so you will see that his teachers were all priests (牧师). Rudy liked to daydream, especially about becoming a Notre Dame football player, but he did poorly in school. (Rudy had a learning disability called Dyslexia, but no one knew this until later.) His grades were not good enough to go to college, so after high school he worked in a steel mill with his father and brothers.
When an accident killed his best friend, Rudy decided to follow his dream of becoming a football player at Notre Dame. The university’s retired president (Father Cavanaugh) befriended Rudy, and helped him enroll in a junior college. At the junior college, a Teaching Assistant (named D-Bob) became Rudy’s friend, helped him to overcome his Dyslexia and taught him how to study (in exchange for Rudy helping D-Bob overcome shyness around women!).
After trying (and failing) for a few semesters to transfer to Notre Dame, he finally gets to enroll. Everyone on the football team has a full scholarship, but the coach sees extraordinary “heart” in Rudy, in spite of his size and talent shortcomings. Now, practice after practice, Rudy gets trampled by some of the best players in college football.
Does Rudy’s dream of playing football for Notre Dame come true? You will have to watch the movie to find out!
Notes about American football:
Each game has two sides competing (in this case, from two universities). Each side has two teams (the “offense team” tries to score; the “defense team” tries to keep the other team from scoring). A team has 11 men, so each side needs 22 players. However, because the game is very demanding, a good coach rotates players on and off the field throughout the game. There are also special players needed at certain times (like those who can kick well). According to this movie, college rules say that a side can have only 60 players “dressed out” for each game, but good teams have more players than this at practice, particularly on the scout team. Since there are 60 “dressed” players and only 11 are on the field, 49 men “ride the bench” at any one time, and many almost never get to play at all (in a real game).
College football is a major source of pride and money for American universities. If your college team wins a lot, you are more likely to donate money to the university after you graduate. Notre Dame wins a lot, so every Saturday (for 10 weeks in the autumn), 60,000 people buy tickets to see the games in person (a ticket can cost from $10 to $400, or more). In addition, TV stations and advertisers pay a lot of money to the university when a game is broadcast on TV, but they only want to broadcast popular teams who usually win. All of this generates millions of dollars every year for universities. Therefore, there is great competition among universities to get the best high school football players to enroll at their school. To entice these great high school athletes, universities offer football scholarships. According to the film, ninety-five Notre Dame football players have “full scholarships,” even though college athletic rules allow only 60 men to “dress out” for each game—which means that in each game 35 football players sit in the crowd, having had ALL of their college expenses paid but not being allowed to compete! (There are also 10-15 scout team members—like Rudy—in the crowd every week.)
Sentences/dialogs from the movie:
(mostly from www.imdb.com/title/tt0108002/quotes; blue indicates a key dialog or sentence)
- 1. Rudy [as a kid, quoting a speech from a famous ND coach]: We’re gonna go inside, we’re gonna go outside, inside and outside. We’re gonna get ’em on the run boys and once we get ’em on the run we’re gonna keep ’em on the run. And then we’re gonna go go go go go go and we’re not gonna stop til we get across that goal line. This is a team they say is… is good, well I think we’re better than them. They can’t lick us, so what do you say men?
- 2. [Pete gives Rudy a Notre Dame jacket for his birthday.]
- Rudy: How does it look?
- Pete: You were born to wear that jacket!
- Rudy: You’re the only one who ever took me serious, Pete.
- Pete: Well, you know what my dad always said: “Having dreams is what makes life tolerable.”
- 3. [At the bus stop, after Pete dies and Rudy decides to go to Notre Dame, to try to become a student and football player there.]
- Rudy’s dad: You can take a couple of weeks off [work]. Your grandfather saved all of his life to bring the family to this country. He got a good job in the stockyards. He had a nice little house in South Chicago. I was about 12. Somebody sold him on the idea he ought to move to the country and become a dairy farmer. Well, he buys some land and gets a couple hundred cows. Within five months, every one of those cows was dead with disease. It was the [period of the Great Economic] Depression. He couldn’t sell the land. There was no work. So one day, he took off. Didn’t come back [causing the family to split up]. Chasing a stupid dream causes nothing but you and everyone around you heartache. Notre Dame is for rich kids… great athletes. It’s not for us. You’re a Ruettiger! There’s nothing in the world wrong with being a Ruettiger!
- 4. Rudy: Ever since I was a kid, I’ve wanted to go to school here. And ever since I was a kid, everyone said it couldn’t be done. My whole life, people have been telling me what I could do and couldn’t do. I’ve always listened to them, and believed in what they said. I don’t want to do that anymore.
- Father Cavanaugh: OK. Here’s the deal. Holy Cross Junior College is nearby. I can get you one semester there. You make [good] grades, you get another semester. Then maybe, with a high enough GPA, you might have a chance of getting into Notre Dame.
- 5. [Rudy sneaks into Notre Dame Stadium, so the groundskeeper yells at him.]
- Fortune: Hey kid! You’re not supposed to be here!
- Rudy: Hey this place is really something else, huh? Someday I’m gonna come out of that tunnel and I’m gonna run onto this field.
- Fortune: Well it ain’t gonna be this day…
- Rudy: I’m here to play football for the Irish!
- Fortune: [Does] Coach Parseghian know about it?
- Rudy: No… not yet.
- Fortune: Well maybe you best tell him first…
- 6. D-Bob: Are you learning stenography or something? Everything he’s mouthing is in the goddamn book.
- Rudy: I gotta make an ‘A’ in this class.
- D-Bob: Just remember “Sitz im Leben” and it shouldn’t be a problem.
- [Then D-Bob (who wears two watches) makes a deal with Rudy; Rudy gets free tutoring so he can pass his classes, and has to wash D-Bob’s clothes and help him “meet girls.”]
If showing this in three parts, part 1 ends at 38:50; “minimum wage.” If showing in two parts, stop after Rudy meets Mary (about 45 minutes).
Discussion (part 1):
- Why do people love to watch sports? With your partner, make a list of reasons.
- What do you think of American football. Why do you think it is so popular in the US? Why isn’t it popular in other countries?
- Rudy finally made it to South Bend, though not as a Notre Dame student. So far, which people in Rudy’s life didn’t support his dream? Do you think they will change their minds now? Why or why not?
- 7. Rudy: I’ve just blown another year of eligibility! This entire year’s been a waste!
- Fortune: You’ve got your head so far up your ass about that damn football team, you don’t get the fact that you just got a year of top quality education! Waste? Don’t be wasting my time!
- 8. [In a church, just before Rudy’s “last chance” to transfer into Notre Dame.]
- Father Cavanaugh: You did a hell of a job, kid, chasing down your dream.
- Rudy: I don’t care what kind of job I did. If it doesn’t produce any results, it doesn’t mean anything.
- Father C: I think you’ll discover that it will.
- Rudy: Maybe I haven’t prayed enough.
- Father C: I’m sure that’s not the problem. Praying is something we do in our time. The answers come in God’s time.
- Rudy: Have I done everything I possibly can? Can you help me?
- Father C: Son, in 35 years of religious studies, I’ve come up with only two, hard incontrovertible facts: there is a God, and I’m not Him.
- 9. Coach Warren [addressing players at the walk-on tryouts]: Let me tell it to you as clean as I can. We have 95 players here so accomplished as athletes in high school, we gave them full scholarships to the best football program in the country. NCAA regulations allow us to dress just 60 for home games, which means at least 35 scholarship players will be watching the games from the stands. So, if any of you has any fantasies about running out of that stadium tunnel with your gold helmet shining in the sun, you’d best leave them right here. Of you 15 dreamers out there, maybe we’ll keep one or two. My job is to basically beat the shit out of you for the next five days, and whoever is still standing at the end, maybe we’ll use for our scout teams. You’ll be running the opposition’s plays, week in and week out. Your greatest value to us is, we don’t care whether you get hurt. Our first teams are gonna pound on you like you’re their worst enemies. Like what you hear so far? Any of you want to run home to Mama? Joe, they’re all yours.
Part two (of three) ends at 1:12; “You’re on the team”
Discussion (part 2):
- See if you can explain why Rudy’s father and brother would not support Rudy’s dream. Is it easy or hard to hold to a dream without the support of your family? Explain your answer.
- Father Cavanaugh said: “Praying is something we do in our time. The answers come in God’s time.” If you have a religious faith, talk about the purpose of prayer. Do you believe that prayer is helpful? Why or why not?
- An old hymn talks about being thankful to God for prayers that are answered, and also for prayers that are not answered the way we hoped. Can you explain why both of these are important? Can you give an example of answered prayer, or of a prayer you are glad God didn’t answer?
- This film shows that Rudy not only prayed, but also worked hard. List some examples from the film that show what Rudy did to “work hard” in various ways.
- 10. Mateus [at practice, Rudy remains on the ground after being pummeled on a block by Mateus]: Hey, are you all right, man? Come on, get up.
- Coach Yonto: Ruettiger, get out!
- Rudy [springs up, refusing to be taken out]: I can do it, coach!
- Rudy [after the play is run again, but Mateus refuses to block Rudy; so Rudy confronts Mateus loudly]: What are you doing? I’m playing defense for Purdue!
- Coach Yonto: Mateus! [grabs his facemask] You ain’t here to be no nanny in no kindergarten!
- 11. Head Coach Ara Parseghian: What’s your problem, O’Hare, what’s your problem?
- Jamie O’Hara: [It’s the] Last practice of the season and this asshole thinks it’s the Super Bowl!
- Parseghian: You just summed up your entire sorry career here in one sentence! If you had a tenth of the heart of Ruettiger, you could have made All-American! As it is, you just went from third team to the prep team! Get out of here!
- 12. Rudy: Coach, I’d just like to say thank you for the opportunity of being part of the team.
- Coach Parseghian: Rudy, I never I thought I’d be saying this but it’s been a pleasure. Now what can I do for you?
- Rudy: One of the many things I’ve learned this year is that no matter how hard I try, I’m never going to get above the prep team. But I’ve accepted the fact that God made some people to be football players and that I’m not one of them.
- Parseghian: I wish God would put your heart in some of my players’ bodies.
- Rudy: Yeah. [He laughs, then gets serious.] My father loves Notre Dame football more than anything else in the world. He doesn’t believe I’m on the team because he can’t see me at the sidelines during the games. Next year, my senior year, I’d love to be able to give him this gift: I’d really appreciate it if you would let me dress one game next season.
- Parseghian: Look, Rudy, the NCAA really hamstrings us with this 60 [player limit] rule. In certain positions we only have one backup and you know that every year we are competing for the national championship. Is this just for your father?
- Rudy: No, it’s for everyone who told me that being a Norte Dame Football player would be impossible. It’s for my brothers, the kids in my high school, the guys I worked with at the mill. They can’t come to practice and see that I am part of the team.
- Parseghian (sighs): Okay.
- Rudy: Okay?
- Parseghian: You deserve it. You will dress for one game next season.
- Rudy [can barely hold in his excitement]: Thank You Coach!
- 13. [D-Bob is accepted at Miami Law School, and is about to leave.]
- Rudy: There’s no way I can thank you for everything you’ve done.
- D-Bob: You already have. Remember Elza, right? She’s my girl now. She’s coming with me. Ain’t that goddamn something?
- Elza: Dennis!
- D-Bob: I forgot. I’m not allowed to say “goddamn” no more. What’s a lapsed Catholic to do?
- Rudy: Thanks for everything.
- 14. Fortune: Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey what are you doing here? Don’t you have practice?
- Rudy: Not anymore. I quit.
- Fortune: Oh, well since when are you the quitting kind?
- Rudy: I don’t know; I just don’t see the point anymore.
- Fortune: So you didn’t make the dress list; there are greater tragedies in the world.
- Rudy: I wanted to run out of that tunnel for my dad, to prove to everyone that I worked…
- Fortune: PROVE WHAT?
- Rudy: That I was somebody.
- Fortune: Oh, you are so full of crap. You’re 5 foot nothin‘, 100 and nothin’, and you have barely a speck of athletic ability. And you hung in there with the best college football players in the land for 2 years. And you’re also gonna walk out of here with a degree from the University of Notre Dame. In this lifetime, you don’t have to prove nothin’ to nobody except yourself. And after what you’ve gone through, if you haven’t done that by now, it ain’t gonna never happen. Now go on back.
- Rudy: I’m sorry I never got you to see your first game in here.
- Fortune: Hell, I’ve seen too many games in this Stadium.
- Rudy: I thought you said you never saw a game…
- Fortune: I’ve never seen a game from the stands.
- Rudy: You were a player?
- Fortune: I rode the bench for two years. I thought I wasn’t being played because of my color. I got filled up with a lot of attitude, so I quit. [There is] Still not a week goes by I don’t regret it, and I guarantee a week won’t go by in your life you won’t regret walking out, [and] letting them get the best of you. Do you hear me clear enough?
- 15. Roland Steele: I want Rudy to dress in my place, Coach. He deserves it.
- Dan Devine: [laughs] Don’t be ridiculous, Georgia Tech is one of the top offensive teams in the country. [Steele continues to stand and stare at Coach Devine] You are an All-American and our Captain, act like it!
- Steele: I believe I am. [he lays his football jersey down on Devine’s desk and walks out; then a dozen other players do the same]
- 16. Rudy’s Dad [upon entering Notre Dame Stadium]: This is the most beautiful sight these eyes have ever seen!
- 17. Coach Dan Devine [to the team, just before the last game of the season]: No one, and I mean no one, comes into our house and pushes us around.
- 18. Steele: Rudy, are you ready, champ?
- Rudy: I’ve been ready for this my whole life!
- Steele: Then you take us out on the field.
- Coach: Alright, let’s go!
- 19. Coach Devine: You already know this but this is the most important game of your lives, no excuses do the work. Our lady of victory… [all together] PRAY FOR US.
- 20. D-Bob [when Rudy first steps onto the field]: He’s so little!
- 21. “The most powerful thing you can give somebody is hope” (the real Rudy says this in a documentary—part of the DVD’s bonus material)
Discussion (part 3):
- Without looking at the summary above, as a class, call out the major things you saw in Rudy’s life. [As a child…; While in high school…’; While working at a steel mill…; One of the first people Rudy met in South Bend…; etc]
- This movie is not really about “football”; what is it about? How would you tell a friend what the true “idea” behind this movie is?
- With your partner, make a list of the people who helped Rudy along the way. Now think about your own life. Tell your partner about someone who has helped you along the way.
- Tell your partner one of your dreams. After both of you share, talk about things that are keeping you from obtaining your dreams. Suggest ways to help your partner achieve his/her dream.
Rudy quiz
(You can talk to friends about these after the movie)
1. Which statement best describes Rudy at the beginning of the film:
A. Rudy lives in a wealthy family near South Bend, Indiana.
B. Rudy is one of many children in a large Catholic family.
C. Rudy’s father is a priest, so the whole family loves Notre Dame.
2. While he was growing up, Rudy’s teachers thought he
A. daydreamed about playing football too much.
B. would someday be a great scholar.
C. should find help to overcome a learning disability called Dyslexia.
3. Rudy wanted to attend Notre Dame University because:
A. all Catholic children want to attend this Catholic university.
B. it had one of the best college football teams in the USA.
C. he wanted to be a priest someday.
4. What event (four years after finishing high school) finally got Rudy to go to college?
A. Notre Dame University offered Rudy a full scholarship to play football there.
B. A teacher named D-Bob taught Rudy how to overcome his Dyslexia (reading problem).
C. An accident killed his best friend, and Rudy decided to follow his dream.
5. When he arrived in South Bend (early in the morning), he met
A. an angry guard who told him to go back home.
B. a kind priest who helped him enroll in a Junior College.
C. his brother, who was already a football star in South Bend.
6. D-Bob helped Rudy learn how to study and overcome his Dyslexia, and in exchange Rudy:
A. paid D-Bob a fee of $5 per hour, since this was the normal fee for a tutor.
B. gave D-Bob free tickets to see Notre Dame football games every month.
C. helped D-Bob to find dates and to overcome shyness around women.
7. Like Harvard, Yale, Oxford, Cambridge and most other legendary universities, Notre Dame University:
A. started as a college to train Christian leaders.
B. offers many scholarships to play football.
C. is famous as a great place to study law.
8. The word “notre dame” means:
A. “top university” in Irish.
B. “notable woman” in Latin, and refers to the wife of a former king.
C. “our mother” in French, and refers to the mother of Jesus.
9. Fortune, the black man who was in charge of maintenance at the university football stadium:
A. had never seen a football game, even though he worked in a football stadium.
B. gave Rudy a place to live in exchange for Rudy’s help at the stadium.
C. helped Rudy understand the things that are really important in life, like getting an education and not quitting.
10. One of the DVD extras is an interview with the real Rudy. Which of the following statements do you think he made:
A. “Chasing a stupid dream causes nothing but heartache.”
B. “The most powerful thing you can give somebody is hope.”
C. “I wish I could have played a Hobbit in the movie Lord of the Rings.”
(The answers are at the bottom of the EFLsuccess.com/narnia/ web page.)
Some answers to questions #4 & 5 at the bottom of “The Family Man” Study Guide:
Economic/Business Principles:
Holiday discounts often improve floor traffic and sales volume, and thus profit.
Discounts often increase customers’ feelings of contentment or loyalty.
Economic cost is always bigger than accounting cost.
The opportunity/cost principle: each opportunity means the sacrifice of a different opportunity.
In big companies, or while making a big deal, work-concerns often come first, even over holiday celebrations and personal concerns.
A businessman has many responsibilities to his clients and to his employer.
Buy low and sell high.
Positive motivation inspires employees’ work enthusiasm.
Value is not only measured by financial aspects but also by utility (i.e., by cost as well as by the value derived from use).
The business model has largely shifted from being performance-oriented to being relationship-oriented (i.e., price and quality are often trumped by a good relationship with clients).
The key to a successful business is knowing how to deal with people.
Business deals should be win-win.
Business-people must learn to prioritize.
High-paying jobs often also come with high levels of stress.
Employees sometimes get perks in addition to the salary and bonuses.
Business centers are generally also in the city center.
The head person is usually critically important when a big decision must be made.
In America, many “serving people” (like Jack’s doorman) get tips as well as a salary.
Many business transactions involve written receipts or contracts.
Becoming a supplier for a big business can be a huge opportunity for a small business.
Extensive preparation helps a job-hunter in an interview.
A good manager knows his employees and develops their potential abilities.
When having a meeting, we should not daydream.
What you wear affects the way your customers and co-workers see you.
Ethical Principles:
Your children won’t like being the last ones picked up.
Be kind: it often leads to benefits for you too.
True love is faithful to a spouse.
True love never gives up.
Racial discrimination/prejudice is wrong.
A man should take his family into account when making major decisions.
Love puts the other person first.
Love must sometimes be blind or deaf.
Love requires sacrifice.
A one-night stand isn’t love.
Good people risk their own lives (or happiness, career, etc.) to help or save others.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
Happiness is more often related to treasuring what you already have than in finding more.
Truth often confronts us when we are looking for something else.
Everyone is in need of something; good people help others meet those needs.
An open-minded person can find blessings in unexpected places.
One choice can change your whole life.
When giving gifts, “it’s the thought that counts” (not the price).
Cherish love and friendship over money.
When confronted with a dangerous situation, evaluate the risks before you intervene.
Do not disappear from your family without a word.
Don’t forget your wedding anniversary!
You don’t need expensive clothes to feel like a “better/good” person.
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