Christmas Carol – EFLsuccess.com

A Christmas Carol, www.EFLsuccess.com

Story: This classic tale introduces us to one of Charles Dickens best-known characters, the Christmas-hating Ebenezer Scrooge. In nineteenth century England, the ghosts of Christmas past, present and future show Scrooge the poverty of his material wealth and the blessings that come with generosity. Can they convince him to change before it’s too late? Characters and concepts from this 1843 story are so well-known that it should be on every English-learner’s “must see” list. (1984; George C Scott, David Warner, Roger Rees; [made for TV] drama, holiday classic; 100 minutes)

Setting: London, England; mid 1800s. There was a wide gap between the rich and poor at the time, and this story helped rich people see how important it was to be more generous to the poor; public outcry also encouraged the government to do more to help the poor.

Note 1: There are several film-versions of this story, and most of them are worth seeing. This classic 1984 version is my favorite. ~ The following dialogs are adapted from the 1984 film version with George C Scott.

Note 2: You will find a summary of this story after the “discussion” section below. The English language has changed a lot since 1843, but fortunately the movie script does not contain too much “old English” (at least, not much that native English speakers would misunderstand). Nonetheless, English-learners will enjoy the film more if you study the terms, summary, and dialogs below before you watch it.

Note to teachers: The following is complete enough to present the whole story in class as a “Readers’ Theater.” Just assign parts to your students in advance, and allow them to have the script in hand as they “perform.” You will need to call different actors up for difference sections. I’ve broken the story into three parts, to spread the film/drama over three 90-minute class periods.

People and proper nouns:

Ebenezer Scrooge: a miserly rich man who hates Christmas
Jacob Marley: Scrooge’s dead former partner
Fred Holywell: Scrooge’s nephew (the only child of Ebenezer’s beloved sister Fan)
Bob Cratchit: Scrooge’s underpaid clerk (employee)
Tiny Tim: Cratchit’s youngest son, who is “a cripple” (i.e., has a bad leg, and other health problems)
Other characters in the following “Readers’ Theater”: Mr. Pemberton, Mr. Tipton, young Scrooge, Fan, Silas, Ghost (of Christmas Present), Meg, Mary, Ben, Mrs. Dilber, Old Joe, Janet (so you need 18 speakers–including the narrator–to do this as “Readers’ Theater”)

Vocabulary:

Underlined words are vocabulary terms; *key terms; bold indicates a pair of synonyms; green terms are in part 1; blue in part 2. sth = something; sb = somebody. For a list of common abbreviations see https://eflsuccess.com/common/

Green terms are part 1

Blue terms are part 2

*(to be) abandoned: to be left somewhere without help, resources, or a way to get out (the connotation of this term includes sadness and/or hopelessness)
apathy: a general lack of interest that often results in people being unwilling to work for needed change
apprenticeship: a time when you are learning a job from someone who is experienced (like an internship)
to berate: to speak in anger to someone because they have done something wrong
boarding school: a school for children with a dormitory, so they live there and study there
*coal: a hard black mineral that is often burned to create heat or steam
*crutch: a stick used to help someone walk (e.g., because of a leg injury); something that gives support or help
defensive: speaking (or acting) in a way to defend or protect oneself (esp. when you think sb is criticizing you)
*garments: clothes
*generous: describes someone who often willingly gives (time, money, help) to others, esp. to those in need
*glimpse: a short experience of or peak at something that helps you to begin to understand it
the grave: death (in general), or a place where dead people continue to exist
humbug: nonsense; a negative term to describe something as nonsense or deceptive (esp. related to the way Scrooge feels about Christmas in this story)
*idiot: an offensive term to insult someone’s intelligence
*ignorance: a lack of education or understanding
*malice: a hateful desire to cause harm
miser (miserly): a greedy, selfish person who loves money but hates to spend it, even to bring himself comfort or to help people in need (in English, “scrooge” has become a synonym for “miser”)
*to mourn: to show great sadness or respect for someone who has died
the poorhouse/workhouse: a place (in 19^th century England) where very poor people could live and work (often long hours, with little pay, in terrible conditions)
shush!: used to tell sb to be quiet
*simile: an implied comparison using like or as (e.g., as sly as a fox, as pretty as a peacock, he thinks like Scrooge)
*surplus: extra, and often unneeded
*tact (tactless): tact is the ability to speak carefully about something, so as not to offend or embarrass the people around you (tactless people often embarrass or upset others)
*to vow: to promise in a very strong way (often meaning “a solemn promise to God”)
*want / to be in want: (formal) need, lack / to be in need or to lack sth

Phrases/sayings:

I take it [that]… : I believe/understand/hope that… (e.g., “I take it [that] you got the job you applied for.” You would say this in hope that your friend DID get this job, and you expect that he/she will now give some details.)
(to be) still in force: to continue to exist (e.g., a law or invitation that hasn’t been canceled)
*it’s all he can afford: he doesn’t have money to do any more than this
*hold your tongue: do not talk; be quiet
upon their brow is written the word “doom”: “doom (obvious failure or destruction)” will be caused by these things (ignorance and want)
they spell the downfall of: they will lead to the permanent failure of sth

Sentences/dialogs from the movie (part 1):

(In part from www.imdb.com/title/tt0087056/quotes; imdb’s website is a great place to find movie facts and more.) Blue indicates a key dialog or sentence)

Say these dialogs out loud with your friends; it will help you prepare to watch the movie. The underlined words are defined in the vocabulary section above.

N=narrator, who also reads longer explanations in brackets [ ]; shorter sections in the brackets are there to tell the actor something important.

N: Ebenezer Scrooge (a rich businessman) loves money, is never generous, and hates Christmas. To him, the holiday is just an excuse for lazy people to take a day off of work (robbing their bosses, who must pay for their holiday). He thinks that the feasts and gifts are a waste of money. He doesn’t share the “joy” and “good cheer” that most people feel at Christmas, and expresses his dislike with the phrase “Bah, humbug”.

1. N: In this scene, Scrooge is upset because his clerk wants to “waste coal” to make their cold office more comfortable.
Ebenezer Scrooge [angrily, and pointing to his coat]: Mr. Cratchit! These are garments. Garments were invented to protect people from the cold. Once purchased, they may be used indefinitely for the purpose for which they are intended. However, coal burns. Coal is momentary and coal is costly. There will be no more coal burned in this office today, is that quite clear, Mr. Cratchit?
Bob Cratchit: Yes, Sir.
Scrooge: Now please get back to work before I am forced to conclude that your services here are no longer required.

2. N: Scrooge’s nephew Fred comes in to wish his uncle a Merry Christmas, leading to an argument about the holiday. Fred gives a convincing speech about the good reasons to like Christmas:
Fred Holywell: Uncle, there are a great many things from which I have derived good, from which I have not profited, Christmas among the rest. But I’ve always thought of Christmastime as a good time, a kindly, forgiving, charitable time; a time when men and women seem, by one consent, to open their shut-up hearts freely to their fellow creatures. So, though it has never put a scrap of gold or silver into my pocket, I do believe that Christmas has done me good, and I say “God bless it.”
Cratchit [claping in agreement]: Well said!
Scrooge: [angrily, to Cratchit] Another sound from you… and you’ll keep your Christmas by losing your situation.
N: that is, “by losing your job”
Fred: Don’t be cross uncle. Come dine with us tomorrow. I want nothing from you; I ask nothing of you…. Why can’t we be friends?
N: Scrooge leaves the office to go to “the exchange”—a place where people buy and sell large amounts of food or other things. Outside his office, he sees a boy with a crutch and mistakenly thinks Cratchit’s handicapped son is a beggar.

3. Tiny Tim: Merry Christmas, Mr. Scrooge.
Scrooge: Don’t beg on this corner, boy.
Tiny Tim: I’m not begging, Sir. I’m Tim Cratchit. I’m waiting for my father.
Scrooge: Tim Cratchit? Well, you’ll have a long wait, then, won’t you?
Tiny Tim: Merry Christmas, Sir!
Scrooge: Bah, humbug. [he walks off]

4. Mr. Pemberton [at the Exchange]: Ah, Ebenezer. We were afraid you wouldn’t come. The Exchange is about to close, Sir.
Scrooge: Well, I’m here, aren’t I?
Mr. Tipton: Good. You’ll take our bid, then? I take it that you’ve changed your mind.
Scrooge: Yes, I have changed my mind. The price has gone up.
Mr. Pemberton: Gone up? But that’s impossible!
Scrooge: If you want my corn, you’ll pay yesterday’s price, plus five percent interest for making me wait.
Mr. Tipton: That’s outrageous, Scrooge. If we have to meet your price, our bread will be more expensive. The poor will suffer.
Scrooge: Then buy someone else’s corn. Good day, Sirs.
Mr. Pemberton: Damn it, Scrooge, that’s not fair!
Scrooge: No, but it’s business. I’ll give you a second to make up your minds.
Mr. Tipton: All right, Scrooge, we have little choice. Done and done!
Scrooge: Good. Make sure that a check for the entire amount is deposited with my clerk. I don’t ship until I have cash in hand.

5. N: On Christmas Eve, Scrooge’s former partner comes from the grave to try to save Ebenezer from his own terrible fate: forever wearing chains that symbolize his greed and endless sorrow for having failed to be generous with his money while he was alive. Marley enters through the wall, and after much effort he manages to frighten Ebenezer.
Scrooge [frightened]: What do you want with me?
Marley’s Ghost: Much! In life I was your partner, Jacob Marley. Now I must wander through the world, wearing this chain I made in life by being so miserly. I cared only about business, but not about the common welfare. Now, I am here to warn you. You still have a chance to change, Ebenezer. Three spirits will come to you. Expect the first when the bell tolls one.

26:37 is a good place to end “part 1 of 3,” just after Scrooge says “Something I ate.”

Discussion (Part 1):

1. Summarize what is happening in this film, up to this point.
2. Scrooge told the other men that they had to pay more because they didn’t accept his offer/price the day before. Was that “fair”? Good business? What are the risks and rewards of such business practices?
3. Why do you think that it was so difficult for Scrooge to “believe in” Marley?
4. If a dead person (like Scrooge’s partner Marley) could come back to talk to you, what would you ask him? What would it take to make you believe what he said?
5. Do you think that ghosts, spirits, angels, etc. live among us today? Explain.

London. Mid 1800s. Marley’s funeral was seven years ago, on Christmas.

Sentences/dialogs from the movie (part 2):

6. N: At one o’clock, the first ghost arrives. The Ghost of Christmas Past shows Scrooge glimpses of his childhood and youth, pointing out how he changed from someone who enjoyed life, to someone who loved only money. No one can see or hear Ebenezer or the Ghost. First, we see a glimpse of Scrooge in boarding school; he has often been left alone at school during the holidays. His father does not like to see him because Ebenezer reminds him of Ebenezer’s dead mother. But one Christmas, Scrooge’s beloved sister, Fan, comes to take him home for the holiday.
Young Scrooge: Fan? [they hug]
Fan: Dear, dear brother! I’ve come to take you home for good! Father is so much kinder now than he used to be. One night, he spoke with me so gently that I worked up the courage to ask him if you might come home, and he said yes! We came in a coach to pick you up; it’s right outside!
Young Scrooge: You’ve grown into quite a young woman, Fan.
Fan: And you’ve grown into quite a young man, never to need see this lonely place again. Come on, let’s not keep Father waiting.
N: They go outside to meet their father, Silas. Young Ebenezer starts to hug Silas, but the elder man holds out his walking-stick, preventing the boy from doing so.
Silas Scrooge: There-there, boy. Let’s have a look at you. Well, they haven’t been over-feeding you, that’s evident. I imagine Fan’s told you that you’re not moving back to this school. It’s time you made your way in the world. I’ve arrange an apprenticeship for you. You’ll move into Mr. Fezziwig’s establishment in three days.
Fan: Three days, Father? It’s been YEARS since we’ve had my brother at home! I was hoping we’d have him for longer.
Silas Scrooge: LONGER? Three days is QUITE long enough for both of us. Don’t you agree, Ebenezer?
Young Scrooge: Indeed, Sir. Quite long enough.
N: The ghost shows us that Mr. Fezziwig loved Christmas, and taught his employees to love it, too. We also meet Belle, the woman Ebenezer loved before he turned his heart only to cold matters of business.

7. N: Next, the Ghost of Christmas Present (a huge, jolly spirit) shows Scrooge holiday joy, even among the poor (like his clerk Bob), and he tries to show Scrooge why helping others is so important. Our first example is at the Cratchit home. Scrooge looks on as Mrs. Cratchit serves a small goose to her grateful family.
Scrooge [to the Ghost]: It’s such a small bird.
Ghost of Christmas Present: It’s all Bob Cratchit can afford, because of how little you pay him.

8. N: Scrooge sees how much Bob loves his handicapped son, and asks the Ghost of Christmas Present about Tiny Tim’s future.
Scrooge: Tell me, Spirit… Will he live?
Ghost of Christmas Present: I see an empty place at this table. I see a crutch without an owner, carefully preserved. If these shadows remain unaltered by the future, the child will die.
Scrooge: No. Say he’ll be spared.
Ghost of Christmas Present: If these shadows remain unaltered by the future, none other of my species will find him here.
N: That is, no other “Ghosts of Christmas Present” will see him—so Tim will die within a year.
Ghost of Christmas Present [mocking Ebenezer]: But if he is to die, then let him die… “and decrease the surplus population!”
Scrooge: You use my own words against me?
Ghost of Christmas Present: Yes! So perhaps, in the future, you will hold your tongue until you have discovered where the surplus population is, and who it is. It may well be that, in the sight of Heaven, YOU are more worthless and less fit to live than millions like this poor man’s child.

9. N: Later, the Ghost of Christmas Present takes Ebenezer to his nephew Fred’s house; he and guests are talking about Scrooge.
Fred Holywell: His wealth is quite useless to him, really. He doesn’t do any good with it; he doesn’t even make himself comfortable.
Scrooge: I haven’t squandered it, if that’s what you mean by “making myself comfortable!”
Ghost: You mustn’t argue with those in the right. It’s pointless, and even tactless.
Scrooge: Tact is a quality I despise.
Ghost of Christmas Present: That, I can see.

1:01:16 is a good place to end “part 2 of 3,” just after Fred says: “Hush! We shall have a game. A word game.”

Discussion (Part 2):

6. Summarize what is happening in this film, up to this point.
7. By looking at the past, the author may be trying to explain the hardships that pushed Scrooge to be the kind of man that he is. What hardships or negative experiences do we see?
8. Do you see the young man (Scrooge) as insecure? To what extent could this relate to being raised without a mother? To what extent might this affect the way a young man treats money? Explain
9. There is an old argument about what is most important in shaping an adult. Which do you think is most important and why? A. Nature (that is, inherited natural things like DNA, genes, skin color, IQ, etc.); B. Nurture (that is, the effects of how you are raised: good/bad parents, wealth, access to education, community, religion, etc.); C. Choice (that is, the choices that a child or young adult makes when faced with each situation, hardship, blessing, etc.)
10. If a ghost showed you glimpses from the past, what would you like to see (or not see) again?

The Ghost of Christmas Past shows Scrooge glimpses of his painful past.

Sentences/dialogs from the movie (part 3):

10. N: The group at Fred’s house is playing a game called “Similes.” Someone has just “lost” because she couldn’t finish the simile “Quick as a —blank–”
Scrooge: “Quick as a FLASH,” you idiot!
Ghost: Ebenezer! Shush!
Scrooge: You said they could neither see nor hear us.
Ghost: Oh, yes… that’s right. Well, even I forget the regulations sometimes; after all, I don’t come back very often.
Scrooge: Shush… I’m trying to listen to the game!

11. N: Finally, the Ghost of Christmas Present takes Scrooge to visit a poor family, trying to keep warm outside.
Scrooge: Where are we now?
Ghost of Christmas Present: The name would mean nothing to you. It’s a place, like too many in this world.
Meg [a mother, talking to her family]: Mary, Ben, the potatoes are cooked. [to her husband, Ben] Do we have enough wood for the night? [Ben nods]
Mary: How did you get these, father?
Ben [defensive]: I didn’t steal them, if that’s what you’re saying!
Meg: She never said you stole them, Ben! Don’t berate the girl. They fell from a cart into the road, Mary.
Ben: Your father’s not a thief, Mary… Not yet. [he walks away]
Meg: Ben, come back and eat with us, won’t you?
Ben: Look at these hands, Meg. They’re hard hands; they’ve done hard work. I want to work, to have bread for my child… It’s not right that there’s no work.
Meg: We three still have each other, Ben. That’s the most important thing.
Ben: I love you, Meg. Tomorrow, I want you to take Mary and go to the Poorhouse.
Meg: No! Better we all drown in the river, than go to one of those places and be separated forever!
Ben: Only until I can find work.
Meg: We wouldn’t last that long! Come on, Ben, let’s have some dinner.
Scrooge [talking to the Ghost]: Why are these people out here? Wearing rags, eating scraps! Why aren’t they in poorhouses, or…?
Ghost of Christmas Present: Have you visited any of these poorhouses you speak of?
Scrooge: No, but I’m taxed for them; isn’t that enough?
Ghost of Christmas Present: You tell me.
N: That is, “What do you think is the answer?” and thus, “No, it isn’t enough to just be taxed for them–you should also be concerned for these poor people!”

12. N: Just then, Scrooge notices a small foot sticking out from the Ghost’s robe. The Ghost then shows Scrooge two skinny, poor children, who have been hidden under his robe.
Scrooge: Who are they?
Ghost: They are your children. They are the children of all who walk the earth, unseen. Their names are Ignorance and Want. Beware of them, for upon their brow is written the word “doom.” They spell the downfall of you and all who deny their existence.
N: In other words, “doom” (obvious failure or destruction) will be caused by ignorance and want, and any society that ignores them is killing itself—bringing its own downfall (or permanent failure).

13. N: Just then, the second Ghost disappears, and Scrooge is now alone and depressed, freezing outside in an unfamiliar part of town.
Scrooge [sadly, speaking to himself]: What have I done, to be abandoned like this? What?
N: A tall, hooded figure appears–the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come (or Ghost of Christmas Future). This spirit never speaks; he just points at things and magically takes Scrooge to different places. He gives Ebenezer a frightening glimpse of the future: Bob’s son will die, and when Scrooge dies no one will mourn or miss him—and Marley had already told Scrooge that his eternal punishment would be worse than his own.

14. N: In this scene, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come has taken Scrooge to the poorest part of town, where Scrooge’s house-keeper is trying to sell what she stole from Ebenezer’s house when he died—though Scrooge doesn’t yet understand that he is the dead man she stole from.
Mrs. Dilber [housekeeper]: A watch, bed-curtains, blankets… So what’s your offer for all these?
Old Joe [who buys/sells used things]: One pound-sterling, five crowns and three schillings. Not a half-penny more if I was to be boiled for it.
Mrs. Dilber: You’re hardened, Joe, and no mistake!
Old Joe: I’m always kind to the ladies! That’s the way I ruined myself! [they both laugh]
Scrooge [to the Ghost]: Spirit, what perversity is this? I’ve asked to see some emotion connected with that man’s death… and you’ve shown me only greed, and malice, and apathy! Let me see some tenderness, some… depth of feeling!
N: Suddenly, Scrooge finds himself back outside the Cratchit house.
Scrooge: There must be some mistake; your fellow Spirit already brought me here, earlier.
N: The Ghost motions for him to go on in.
Scrooge: Very well…. But you’re devilishly hard to have conversation with.
N: However, Scrooge doesn’t get to see tenderness related to the dead man (i.e., himself); Cratchit’s family is tenderly mourning Tiny Tim’s death.
Eventually, the spirit shows Ebenezer that HE was the dead man. Scrooge falls into his own grave, and then the ground opens and he falls into the fires of hell.

==== If you don’t want to know the ending, stop reading here! ====

15. N: So, when Ebenezer wakes up on Christmas morning, he is a changed man. He is truly sorry for having loved money more than he loved people. He vows to “honor Christmas in his heart and keep it all year round,” and we see the first day of his “new life,” starting at Fred’s house:
Fred Holywell: Uncle Ebenezer, this is my wife Janet. Janet this is Uncle Ebenezer.
Janet Holywell: It’s a pleasure.
Scrooge: More like a surprise, wouldn’t you say?
Fred Holywell: That’s true. Quite honestly it is a surprise. At least, yesterday, you made it quite clear that you had no intention of accepting my annual invitation.
Scrooge: I made other things clear too, didn’t I, Fred? That Christmas was a humbug – a waste of time and money, a false and commercial festival, devoutly to be ignored. Well, I’ve come for three reasons. First, to beg your pardon for the things I said about Christmas. That was a humbug Fred.
Fred Holywell: Was it?
Scrooge: I didn’t know it then, but I know it now. Secondly, I’ve come to meet your wife, and a beautiful woman she is, too.
Janet Holywell: Thank you.
Scrooge: I uh… I was in love once. Would you believe that? But I possessed neither the courage nor the optimism, nor perhaps the depth of feeling that you two have…. Thirdly, if the invitation to dine with you today is still in force, I accept.
Fred Holywell: Of course, it’s still in force! Hurrah! I was sure that one day…
Scrooge: You were sure? Well, apparently you were right. Yes, I should like to dine with you and your friends.
Janet Holywell: You’ll be more than welcome!

16. N: Charles Dickens tells us that Scrooge became a very generous man, especially at Christmastime. He also became like a “second father” to Tiny Tim, who would not die. And the story ends with a famous line from Tiny Tim:
Tiny Tim [cheerfully]: God bless us, everyone!

Discussion (Part 3):

11. Which “ghost” was your favorite and why? Marley, Past, Present, or Future
12. Why do you think that people read this story or watch this film every year–even though it was written over 150 years ago?
13. In your eyes, what does it mean to be wealthy?
14. What responsibility do wealthy people have toward poor people?
15. Would you like to know about your future? Why or why not? If so, specifically what would you like to know?
16. Dickens, and western readers/viewers, know the history of Christmas. They know that Christmas celebrates the birth of Jesus, who was sent from Heaven to save people from sin/rebellion/evil. God’s “generous gift” to mankind set an example for us, so on this “birthday” we want to be generous too. If you don’t know much about this holiday, don’t be afraid to ask questions or to do some research on line. You can start with the links at the bottom of this study guide.

WRITING ASSIGNMENT: Write a headline and opening paragraph to appear in the “Famous people” section of the newspaper a day or two after Christmas, talking about Scrooge’s apparent change of heart or “strange behavior” on Christmas.

Mr Cratchit thanks God for his food, and then shows that he is thankful to Scrooge for his job.

More information:

Short plot summary: (to help you understand what you will see)

The underlined words are defined in the vocabulary section above.

Ebenezer Scrooge (a rich businessman) loves money, is never generous, and hates Christmas. To him, the holiday is just an excuse for lazy people to take a day off of work (robbing their bosses, who must pay for their holiday). He thinks that the feasts and gifts are also a waste of money. He doesn’t share the “joy” and “good cheer” that most people feel at Christmas, and expresses his dislike with the phrase “Bah, humbug”.

On Christmas Eve, Scrooge’s former partner comes from the grave to try to save Ebenezer from his own terrible fate: forever wearing chains that symbolize his greed and endless sorrow for having failed to be generous with his money while he was alive. Marley says that three ghosts (or “spirits”) will visit Scrooge.

First, the Ghost of Christmas Past shows Scrooge glimpses of his childhood and youth, pointing out how he changed from someone who enjoyed life to someone who loved only money.

Next, the Ghost of Christmas Present shows Scrooge holiday joy, even among the poor (like his clerk Bob), and tries to show Scrooge why helping others is so important.

Finally, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come (who never speaks), shows Scrooge a frightening glimpse of the future: Bob’s son will die, and when Scrooge dies no one will mourn or miss him—and he will be heading for the fires of hell.

When Ebenezer wakes up on Christmas morning, he is a changed man. He is truly sorry for having loved money more than he loved people. He vows to “honor Christmas in his heart and keep it all year round,” and we see the first day of his “new life.”

As of the time of this posting, you can find another summary at www.bookrags.com/notes/xmas/SUM.html

(For more information about Christmas, see these Christmas pages (underlined topics are on EFLsuccess.com or Krigline.com; others are on our older website): Christmas (international celebration), the song “Silent Night” and Chinese Christmas apples, the traditional Christmas story, who is Santa (圣诞老人)?, candy canes, Christmas Perspectives (poem), Holiday Safety Tips, and the pre-Christmas Advent season. Also look for Christmas wallpaper on our old website. You’ll also find movie study guides on this website (or our old site) for some great holiday films: A Snoopy/Charlie Brown Christmas, Last Holiday, White Christmas, The Grinch, Christmas Carol, It’s a Wonderful Life)

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